A positive sanction so that someone is praised or is better off.

• A. Sub-culture
• B. Sanctions
• C. Gender
• D. Rewards

Answer: (D)

Positive sanctions are about encouraging good behavior by offering praise, status, or material benefits. When someone is praised or given something that improves their situation, that outcome is a reward—exactly the form of positive sanction described. This kind of reinforcement helps people conform to valued norms by linking desirable behavior with tangible or social gains. The other terms don’t fit this specific idea: a sub-culture is just a group with its own norms, gender is a social category, and sanctions is the general concept of sanctions rather than the particular reward that leads to being praised or better off. So rewards best captures the intended idea.