Experiments conducted in real-world settings outside the lab are known as:

• A. Laboratory experiments
• B. Case study
• C. Hawthorne effect
• D. Field experiments

Answer: (D)

Field experiments are experiments conducted in real-world settings outside the lab, where an intervention is manipulated and outcomes are measured within the natural environment. This approach keeps the setting close to everyday life, which helps findings apply more directly to real people and situations, though it can mean less experimental control than in a laboratory. The Hawthorne effect refers to people changing their behavior simply because they know they’re being studied, not to where the experiment takes place. A case study is an in-depth examination of a single person, group, or event, not a manipulated experiment. So the description fits field experiments.