Norms and values involving masculine characteristics, for example preferring sports to reading.

• A. Setting
• B. IQ Tests
• C. Official Curriculum
• D. Culture of masculinity

Answer: (D)

Norms and values shape how people are expected to behave, especially in relation to gender. A culture of masculinity promotes certain masculine traits as desirable—like athleticism, competitiveness, and stoicism. Preferring sports to reading is a clear example of these social expectations in action: boys and men are encouraged to value physical activity over intellectual pursuits. The other options describe where something happens (setting), a measure of ability (IQ tests), or formal educational content (official curriculum), none of which capture the idea of a shared system of masculine norms and values as directly as culture of masculinity does.