What term refers to a group being treated unfairly based on their individual characteristics?

• A. Labelling
• B. Discrimination
• C. Ethnocentrism
• D. Social Stratification

Answer: (B)

Discrimination is the act of treating a group unfairly because of who they are or a characteristic they possess, such as race, gender, age, religion, or disability. It focuses on how individuals or institutions behave toward members of a group, leading to unequal opportunities or access in areas like education, work, housing, or services. This directly matches the idea of unfair treatment based on group characteristics.

The other terms describe related ideas but not the same action: labeling is about tagging people with categories; ethnocentrism is judging other cultures by the standards of one's own culture; social stratification is the system by which a society ranks people into layers.