Which term describes an approach to sociology that studies society in a scientific manner?

• A. Hypothesis
• B. Positivism
• C. Objectivity
• D. Bias

Answer: (B)

Positivism is the approach that treats sociology like a science, focusing on observable, measurable facts and the search for general laws of society. It emphasizes objective observation, the collection of empirical data, and the testing of theories through systematic methods, often using quantitative data and statistical analysis. This makes it the best description for studying society in a scientific manner, because it aims to produce reliable, generalizable knowledge about social patterns.

A hypothesis is a testable statement used within such research, not the overall approach. Objectivity is a goal of positivist research—keeping findings free from personal bias—rather than the name of the method itself. Bias is something researchers strive to minimize, not the method of studying society.