Which term describes aspects of the values and attitudes from the home and family background that prevent achievement?

• A. Deferred gratification
• B. Cultural deprivation
• C. Restricted code
• D. Immediate gratification

Answer: (B)

The idea being tested is how family background and the attitudes learned at home can influence school success. Cultural deprivation captures this by pointing to a lack of cultural resources from home—such as language patterns, norms, expectations, and routines—that schools often rely on or reward. When these resources are missing or different from what schools expect, students can face barriers to learning and achievement.

Deferred gratification and immediate gratification focus on individuals’ ability to wait for rewards vs. want immediate ones, not on how home culture shapes educational outcomes. Restricted code refers to a specific way of speaking linked to certain social groups and can be one part of the broader idea, but the broader term cultural deprivation best describes the overall effect of home background on achievement.