Which term refers to a system of social stratification with fixed hereditary groups and limited mobility?

• A. Caste
• B. Traditional societies
• C. Open society
• D. Slavery

Answer: (A)

This question tests a closed system of social stratification where birth determines status and movement between groups is highly limited. The term that fits this description is caste: people are born into a hereditary group, and their social position, occupation, and even whom they can marry are largely dictated by that group. Mobility to a different caste is extremely restricted, so social standing tends to remain fixed for generations. In contrast, traditional societies is a broad category for preindustrial life and doesn’t specify fixed hereditary ranks; an open society implies significant social mobility; and slavery centers on people being owned as property, which is a different mechanism of inequality. So, caste is the best answer because it captures both birth-based membership and limited mobility in the same system.